Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) family and is made by the placenta and cardiovascular tissues. GDF-15 regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways during cellular stress and injury. GDF-15 is emerging as a biomarker of early heart disease, such that increased levels of circulating GDF-15 are associated with an increased risk of developing heart failure. The GDF-15 D variant has a Histidine to an Aspartate substitution at amino acid position 7.
Bioactivity Assay:No test available; ED50 =Currently undetermined; Bioactivity =Currently undetermined