Capsaicin is an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels that was originally found in peppers of the Capsicum genus. Capsaicin exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activity. Capsaicin also displays bronchoconstrictive activity…

Anabaenopeptins are cyclopentapeptides found in cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria agardhii. Anabaenopeptins and other cyanotoxins are typically inhibitors of serine proteases and protein phosphatases (PPs). Anabaenopeptins may also inhibit carboxypeptidases.…

Cefoperazone is a third generation β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefoperazone exhibits antibacterial efficacy against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, inhibiting penicillin binding proteins to prevent peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell wall formation. Cefoperazone also…

Bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate is an aspirin analog that is used to induce hemoglobin chain crosslinks at lysine residues. This compound is used to study hemoglobin function in research models and may be used to develop treatments for sickle-cell anemia. This compound may exhibit…

Carmofur is a pyrimidine analog and derivative of fluorouracil; it exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic and anti-metastatic activities. Carmofur inhibits thymidylate synthase and acid ceramidase, preventing DNA replication. This compound is clinically used to treat curatively resected colon cancer…

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an endogenous neuropeptide that exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-resorptive, anxiogenic, neuroprotective, and pro-angiogenic activities. In animal models of livery injury, CGRP displays protective benefit, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. CGRP…

Cembrenediols are diterpenes originally found in Anisomeles. These compounds exhibit antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium and antifungal activity against Colletotrichum. Grade: ≥98%

Amyloid-ß (Aß) is a peptide cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that is often used as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease. Misfolded Aß oligomers instigate conformation changes in other, normally folded Aß oligomers, increasing the number of misfolded proteins and eventually forming…

Argatroban is an antithrombotic/anticoagulant compound that inhibits thrombin. Argatroban is clinically used to treat thrombosis and acute coronary syndrome.

Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone originally found in Artemisia (wormwood); it is clinically used to treat malaria. Artemisinin exhibits anti-parasitic, antimalarial, cardioprotective, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. This compound inhibits growth of Plasmodium. In animal models…

Atriopeptin III is an analog of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) that exhibits vasodilatory/hypotensive and diuretic activities. In rat kidneys, atriopeptin III increases the diameter of constricted afferent arterioles, decreasing blood pressure.

BH3 mimetic and Bcl-2 inhibitor. It induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a derivative of carnitine that enables functions of CoA and plays a significant role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Acetyl-L-carnitine exhibits antidepressant, neuroprotective, analgesic, and antinociceptive activities. In vivo, acetyl-L-carnitine acetylates p65,…

Afatanib is an anticancer chemotherapeutic compound that has been approved to treat advanced lung cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is in clinical trials as a potential treatment for other advanced solid tumors such as breast cance

Cetrimide is a mix of quaternary ammonium salts that exhibits antiseptic and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. Cetrimide acts as a cationic detergent, altering the mitochondrial membrane potential and inducing pore formation in membranes. Cetrimide bromide inhibits H+ ATP synthase, inducing…

L-Carnitine is an endogenous quaternary ammonium compound required for fatty acid transport; it is often given as a dietary supplement. The L-isomer is active, exhibiting anti-osteoporotic, antioxidative, and cardioprotective activities. In a clinical setting, L-carnitine administration increases…

Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in a variety of plants, including barberry, goldenseal, Oregon grape, California poppy, and the Amur cork tree. Berberine fluoresces under ultraviolet light and is often used to stain heparin in mast cells. Berberine displays many beneficial effects,…

Apramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic originally produced by Streptomyces. Apramycin is clinically used in veterinary medicine. This compound binds 16S rRNA of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing conformational changes in CA and GA base pairs and inhibiting RNA translocation.

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) binds the natriuretic peptide receptor type B (NPR-B) to exert cardiomodulatory activity. BNP is secreted by the heart; it displays lipolytic effects, contributing to fatty acid mobilization in congestive heart failure. High levels of BNP are predictive of…

Calcitonin is an endogenous neuropeptide that exhibits pro-oncogenic, anti-osteoarthritic, and anti-resorptive activities. Calcitonin induces activation of NF-?B, upregulating expression and activity of fibronectin, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and increasing cell growth in osteosarcoma cells. When…

Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal compound that increases levels of ROS and forms pores or channels in membranes by binding membrane sterols. Amphotericin B induces iNOS, activates astrocytes, and increases expression of IL-1ß, TNF-a, BDNF, and GDNF, displaying potential neuroprotective…

NSAID and COX-1/2 inhibitor used to decrease inflammation. It inhibits platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time by decreasing levels of thromboxane A2. Chronic administration decreases risk of cancer and cardiovascular events.

This product is used to measure apoptosis in vitro.

Aspartame is a dipeptide ester that is used as an artificial sweetener in commercial food production. Aspartame exhibits antibacterial efficacy against Porphyromonas, a periodontal pathogen. In vivo, aspartame also displays antinociceptive activity, increasing latency times in tail flick and paw…

9-nitro-20S-Camptothecin is a camptothecin derivative. Camptothecin is a quinolone alkaloid precursor of irinotecan; it is originally found in Camptotheca. Camptothecin exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic activity, inhibiting topoisomerase I and inducing double-stranded DNA breaks. Camptothecin is…

Bromhexine is a synthetic derivative of vasicine that exhibits mucolytic and antioxidative activities. Bromhexine increases production of serous mucus, decreases mucus viscosity, and helps cilia transport mucus out of the lungs. Bromhexine is clinically used to treat respiratory disorders…

ß-Casomorphin is a peptide fragment of casein that exhibits antioxidative and anti-fibrotic activities. In vivo, ß-casomorphin improves high glucose-induced changes in oxidative enzyme secretion and activity. ß-Casomorphin also decreases urinary glucose and protein levels as well as serum creatine…

Chrysin is a flavone/flavonoid initially found in Passiflora, Oroxylum, and Pleurotis; it is also a byproduct found in propolis. Chrysin exhibits anti-estrogenic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, antioxidative, anti-metastatic, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and…

Aflatoxins are mycotoxins found in foods and livestock feeds that were initially produced by species of Aspergillus. Aflatoxin G1 is cytotoxic; it inhibits DNA synthesis and induces cell cycle arrest.

Citrinin is a mycotoxin initially produced by Penicillum, Aspergillus, and Monascus. Citrinin exhibits cytotoxic, cardiotoxic, nephrotoxic, and pro-oxidative activities. In leydig cells, citrinin inhibits testosterone production and induces caspase-mediated apoptosis. In embryos, citrinin alters…

Anabaenopeptins are cyclopentapeptides found in cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria agardhii. Anabaenopeptins and other cyanotoxins are typically inhibitors of serine proteases and protein phosphatases (PPs). Anabaenopeptins may also inhibit carboxypeptidases.…

Carvedilol phosphate is a cardioprotective a1- and ß1/2-adrenergic receptor inhibitor used to treat congestive heart failure; its inhibitory action at adrenergic receptors slows heart rhythm, decreasing force, pressure, and cardiac workload. Carvedilol phosphate also inhibits release of…