Biologically Active Small Molecules
-
-
MRS1523
Cayman ChemicalA selective adenosine A3 receptor antagonist (Kis = 18.9 and 113 nM for human and rat A3 receptors, respectively, versus Kis = 15.6 and 2.05 µM for rat A1 and A2A receptors, respectively).
-
L-Carnitine Tartrate
LKT LabsL-Carnitine is an endogenous quaternary ammonium compound required for fatty acid transport; it is often given as a dietary supplement. The L-isomer is active, exhibiting anti-osteoporotic, antioxidative, and cardioprotective activities. In a clinical setting, L-carnitine administration increases…
-
(+)-Catechin
LKT LabsCatechin is a flavanol originally found in Camilla and other plant sources; it exhibits antioxidative, anti-aging, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-ulcerative, neuroprotective, neuromodulatory, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and chemopreventive activities. Catechin increases life span in Caenorhabditis…
-
Clenbuterol (hydrochloride)
Cayman ChemicalA sympathomimetic β2-adrenoceptor agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and at higher doses acts as an anabolic steroid, promoting skeletal muscle protein synthesis.
-
Phosphoenolpyruvic Acid (potassium salt)
Cayman ChemicalAn enzyme substrate for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways; metabolized to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase during glycolysis; formed from phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-catalyzed oxaloacetate decarboxylation during gluconeogenesis.
-
Sodium Phosphate Stock Solution (500 mM, pH 9.0)
Cayman ChemicalSodium Phosphate Stock Solution (500 mM, pH 9.0) contains filtered 500 mM sodium phosphate buffer. It is ready to use as supplied.
-
Bafilomycin B1
Cayman ChemicalA selective, reversible inhibitor of V-ATPases in mammalian, plant, or fungal cells with an IC50 value in the 4-400 nM range; at 100 nM, the related bafilomycin A1 blocks V-ATPase-mediated acidification of lysosomes during autophagy, preventing protein degradation.
-
Rhod-2 AM
Cayman ChemicalAn AM ester of the red fluorescent calcium indicator rhod-2; accumulates within mitochondria.
-
a-Hydroxyglutaric Acid (sodium salt)
Cayman ChemicalAn α-hydroxy acid, overproduced in 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria; mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 cause these enzymes to convert isocitrate to 2-hydroxyglutarate; competitively inhibits α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including lysine demethylases and DNA hydroxylases.
-
Asiaticoside
Cayman ChemicalThe main saponin constituent of C. asiatica that has been shown to improve wound healing including increasing collagen synthesis and elevating antioxidant levels in various normal and diabetic wound models.
-
Fludarabine
Cayman ChemicalA nuclesoside analog that disrupts DNA synthesis in blood cells; effective in a number of animal tumor systems including LI210 leukemia, CD8F mammary adenocarcinoma, P388 leukemia, and human LX-1 lung tumor xenograft and displays anticancer activity against human hematological malignancies in vivo.
-
a-Linolenic Acid
Cayman ChemicalALA is an essential fatty acid found in leafy green vegetables. ALA, as part of a low saturated fat diet, helps prevent cardiovascular disease. ALA decreases blood pressure, serum cholesterol levels, and platelet aggregation.
-
13(S)-HpODE
Cayman Chemical13(S)-HpODE is produced by the oxidation of linoleic acid by LO-1 in many plants including soybean, flaxseed, apples, and tea leaves, and by 15-LO in mammals. In plants, 13(S)-HpODE is the preferred substrate for the garlic bulb divinyl ether synthase. In mammalian tissues, 13(S)-HpODE is generally…
-
SB-525334
Cayman ChemicalA potent inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-β R1, ALK5) kinase (IC50 = 14.36 nM); blocks TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD2/3 as well as TGF-β1-directed gene expression; effective in vivo, preventing the development of fibrosis in animals.
-
Simvastatin (sodium salt)
Cayman ChemicalA potent, competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase (Ki = 0.12 nM).
-
(±)7-epi Jasmonic Acid
Cayman ChemicalA plant growth regulator that activates various signal transduction pathways with both growth promoting and inhibitory functions, perhaps in response to stress; initially synthesized as (+)7-epi jasmonic acid, a more active and biologically relevant form of the hormone, but quickly epimerizes to…
-
Oligomycin A
Cayman ChemicalAn inhibitor of mitochondrial F1FO ATP synthase that induces apoptosis in a variety of cell types (average GI50 = 270 nM); exhibits antifungal, antitumor, and nematocidal activities, but has poor solubility in water and other biocompatible solvents.
-
Azithromycin Dihydrate
LKT LabsAzithromycin is an azalide macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin. Azithromycin binds the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein translation. Azithromycin displays antibacterial, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In epithelial cells, azithromycin inhibits the…
-
AM404
Cayman ChemicalAn analog of AEA that potentiates the activity of endogenous AEA by blocking its re-uptake into presynaptic neurons; selectively inhibits the carrier-mediated transport of AEA without affecting anandamide hydrolysis; inhibits the transport of AEA with an IC50 value of 1 µM in rat…
-
Bromosporine
Cayman ChemicalA non-selective bromodomain inhibitor that at 1 µM has been shown to accelerate FRAP recovery of BRD4 and CREBBP bromodomains in HeLa cells.
-
L-p-Bromotetramisole (oxalate)
Cayman ChemicalA cell-permeable inhibitor of all four human AP isoenzymes (Kis =18 and 56 µM for PLAP and NSAP, respectively); also used as a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor.
-
Xylazine
Cayman ChemicalAn agonist of α2 adrenergic receptors (Ki = 194 nM); used for sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia in non-human mammals.
-
-
Norgestimate
Cayman ChemicalA synthetic progestin that acts as a prodrug to norelgestromin and levonorgestrel; selectively binds the progesterone receptor and is androgenically neutral.
-
Arachidonoyl p-Nitroaniline
Cayman ChemicalApNA is one of several nitroaniline fatty acid amides which can be used to measure FAAH activity. FAAH is a relatively unselective enzyme in that it accepts a variety of amide head groups other than the ethanolamine of its nominal endogenous substrate AEA (Item No. 90050). It also will hydrolyze…
-
Flumazenil
Cayman ChemicalAn imidazobenzodiazepine derivative that competitively inhibits benzodiazepine binding to GABAA receptors (IC50 = 2 nM); used to reverse sedation induced by benzodiazepine drugs and is effective in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose or withdrawal.
-
Butyrolactone 3
Cayman ChemicalSpecifically inhibits the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 (IC50 = 100 μM) and can inhibit pre-RNA splicing with an IC50 value of 0.5 mM.
-
Aspirin-50 g
Cayman ChemicalA non-selective, irreversible COX inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.75 and 1.25 mM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
-
DMABA-d4 NHS ester
Cayman ChemicalDMABA-d4 NHS ester is intended for use in combination with DMABA NHS ester (Item No. 11216) as a derivatizing reagent for PE lipids in order to facilitate MS characterization and to quantify relative changes in their abundance.
-
Cylindrospermopsin
Cayman ChemicalA cyanobacterial toxin that targets protein and glutathione synthesis in hepatocytes (IC50s = 1.3 and 2.4 µM, respectively), inhibits uridine monophosphate synthase complex activity (Ki = 10 µM), and induces DNA damage.
-
Acetaminophen
Cayman ChemicalAn analgesic and antipyretic compound; inhibits COX-2 activity by more than 80%, albeit at relatively high doses, while it is less effective against COX-1.
