An inhibitor of S1P lyase; treatment of mice (50 µg/ml in drinking water) increases lymphoid tissue S1P concentrations 100-fold, reducing lymphocyte egress from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs, resulting in reversible lymphopenia.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) processed and secreted in the pituitary gland. ACTH binds and activates melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptors, stimulating cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. ACTH exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory…

An ERα selective agonist with a 410-fold relative binding affinity for ERα versus ERβ.

A monoacetylated derivative of spermine (Item No. 18041), an endogenous polyamine synthesized from spermidine (Item No. 14918), that displays lower Km and higher Vmax values than spermine, making it a better substrate of polyamine oxidase than the non-acetylated polyamine.

The Fatty Acid ethyl ester Standard pack contains a series of nine fatty acid ethyl esters. Each pack contains 100 mg of the ethyl esters of the following fatty acids: stearic, myristic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, oleic, palmitic, lauric, and palmitoleic.

An N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of the nitroxide spin label tempyo; an active acylating agent that preferentially targets α-amino groups, used to spin label proteins and aminoacylated RNA species.

A form of polymyxin B which terminates with 6-methyloctanamide; comparable to other B polymyxins in its ability to kill P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae isolates.

Aminoguanidine is equipotent to L-NMMA and L-NNA as an inhibitor of iNOS. The IC₅₀ values for inhibition of mouse iNOS and rat nNOS are 5.4 and 160 µM, respectively. Aminoguanidine also inhibits induction of iNOS protein expression by endotoxin in rat macrophages.

A selective inhibitor of α/β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) (IC50 = 70 nM), a serine hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2-AG.

C-8 ceramide is a cell-permeable analog of naturally occurring ceramides. Unlike C-2 ceramide, it is metabolized within cells to generate natural ceramides, often causing a dramatic increase in cellular ceramide levels. For this reason, treatment of cells with C-8 ceramide may more closely mimic…

An inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.

A plant hormone with diverse roles in disease resistance, plant development, and response to stresses; regulates gene expression and may contribute to epigenetic changes at the chromatin level.

A potent ATP mimetic that inhibits both JAK1 and JAK2 with IC50 values of 2.7 and 4.5 nM, respectively; blocks IL-6 signaling (IC50 = 281 nM) and proliferation of JAK2V617F+ Ba/F3 cells (IC50 = 127 nM); reduces splenomegaly, decreases circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, eliminates…

An orally bioavailable inhibitor of HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC6 (IC₅₀s = 43-72 nM), resulting in hyperacetylation of histone H4 in multiple myeloma cells; abrogates cell growth and strongly induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells (IC₅₀s = 2.5-3 µM); dose-dependently…

A water-soluble, slow-releasing H2S donor which demonstrates vasodilator and anti-hypertensive activity in hypertensive rats when given intravenously; also protects against endotoxic shock in rats, inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling.

A potent and selective AhR antagonist (Ki = 1.2 nM).

A macrolide antibiotic with antifungal activity; also cytotoxic against trypanosomes (IC₅₀ = 120-540 ng/ml) while being more than 25,000 times less effective against mammalian cells; inhibits bacterial and mitochondrial ATP synthases.

A selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator; an ER antagonist in breast tissue, effective in treating early breast cancer; an ER agonist in bone and blood vessels and a partial ER agonist in uterine tissues.

A potent marine-derived neurotoxin that reversibly inhibits the inward sodium current through NaV channels (IC₅₀s = 4.1 and 5.2 nM, respectively, in frog muscle and squid axon; Kd = 1.8 nM in rat brain), blocking nerve and muscle action potentials.

Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic natural product isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants, including the coffee bean. Structurally, chlorogenic acid is the ester of caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxyl group of quinic acid. Chlorogenic acid is an important factor in plant metabolism.…

An FGFR inhibitor.

An inhibitor of SRPK1 (Ki = 0.89 µM); suppresses the propagation of viruses in mammalian cells; modulates alternative splicing of VEGF, reducing neovascularization both in cells and in animals.

A selective activator of AMPK; inhibits synthesis of fatty acids and sterols in hepatocytes and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes.

8-iso PGE2 is one of several isoprostanes produced from arachidonic acid during lipid peroxidation. It is a potent renal vasoconstrictor in the rat. 8-iso PGE2 inhibits U-46619 or I-BOP-induced platelet aggregation with IC₅₀ values of 0.5 and 5 µM, respectively. When infused into…

The reduced form of the electron acceptor NADP+ and acts as an electron donor in various biological reactions.

A specific, cell-permeable inhibitor of S6K1 (IC₅₀ = 160 nM); does not inhibit S6K2, MSK, or RSK, or many other unrelated kinases, under conditions in which it inhibits S6K1 activity.

A cell-permeable, selective inhibitor of calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of NFAT that does not disrupt other calcineurin-dependent pathways; disrupts NFAT-dependent expression of IL-2 and TNF-α when transfected in Jurak T cells and prevents the activation and proliferation of T cells…

A natural nitroaryl-substituted polyketide that exhibits antitumor, antifungal, and insecticidal activities; non-competitive inhibitor NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of bovine heart, N. crassa, and E. coli (IC₅₀s = 0.07, 0.08, and 22 nmol/mg protein, respectively).

A fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used as an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agent; functions by inhibiting DNA A fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used as an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agent; functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase (a type II topoisomerase) and topoisomerase IV, the…

A cell-permeable mycotoxin which binds to the barbed end of actin, reversibly inhibiting the elongation and shortening of actin filaments; blocks diverse cellular functions, including cell division, migration, phagocytosis, exocytosis, chemotaxis, and glucose transport.

A natural isoflavone which is biotransformed by intestinal bacteria to give the phytoestrogens daidzein and equol, resulting in antithrombotic, antiallergic, and other salutary effects; modulates serotonin receptors when given intraperitoneally; suppresses LPS-mediated activation of NF-κB in…

Sodium Phosphate Stock Solution (500 mM, pH 9.0) contains filtered 500 mM sodium phosphate buffer. It is ready to use as supplied.